Tag: diabetes mellitus

Due to current possibilities of management and self-monitoring of metabolic condition in particular, patients with diabetes have lots of choices but also lots of duties, in a word: everything has its price. Travelling became part and parcel of present lifestyle. Diabetic patient may also travel. However, such trip especially when long and associated with time zone change, requires very careful preparations [1, 2]...

The benefits of physical activity in type 2 diabetes were proven in many studies. Increased level of physical activity prevents type 2 diabetes [1, 2]. Physical fitness is a predictor of late complications, like stroke and myocardial infarction [3]. Every 1 MET achieved during exercise stress test decreases the risk of death by 25% [4]. The effect was present after adjusting for other known risk factors, likehyperlipidemia or hypertension. Enhancing certain level of physical activity reduces arterial blood pressure, serum triglycerides and HbA1c level [5]. In most type 2 diabetes patients a sedentary life style is observed [6]...

Development of depression by patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher risk of complications [1] and death [2, 3] and with elevated glycated haemoglobin [4]. Development of depressive episodes is associated with a lower physical activity, poorer complianceand improper diet [5]. Depression, even at the subclinical level, is important to the development of diabetic complications...

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease of the skeleton characterised by low bone mass, impaired microarchitecture of the bone and the resulting increased risk of fracture, with the latter being the most important in terms of clinical significance. Fracture risk assessment is currently the mainstay of diagnostic evaluation of osteoporosis [1]...

The condition of arteries is reflected by arterial elasticity, defined as the increment in volume per unit transmural pressure that stretches the artery. Arterial elasticity is measured by large artery (C1) elasticity index and small artery (C2) elasticity index. C1 refers to large, transporting arteries and defines their capacitive compliance, while C2 describes small, resistance arteries, defines their oscillatory compliance [1] and allows to draw conclusions about the degree of endothelial dysfunction in the microcirculation...

Diabetic foot syndrome develops in approximately 15% of patients with diabetes mellitus and is the main cause of lower extremity amputations. Peripheral neuropathy and microvascular damage are the underlying pathologies of the syndrome [1, 2]. The ulcer is usually a result of repetitive or excessive pressure on a deformed foot devoid of sensation caused by neuropathy...

Diabetes mellitus is the chronic disease associated with an increased risk of premature atherosclerosis. The classic risk factors including hyperlipidemia and hypertension do not completely account for the increased incidence of atherosclerosis in diabetes. The “responseto injury” hypothesis postulates that the initial step of atherogenesis is represented by endothelial dysfunction...

Diabetes mellitus is becoming more common in the working  age population. Individuals with diabetes successfully  perform different types of jobs. However, discrimination and  limitations of professional activity in people with diabetes  still exist, especially due to a public and individual hazard  of hypoglycaemia and late diabetic complications...

Elevated levels of serum glucose have deleterious effects on the walls of blood vessels, leading to microangiopathy. Such a destructive  process involves also pulmonary circulation, where it is referred to as diabetic pulmonary microangiopathy. This hypothesis has been  confirmed in histopathologic examinations of pulmonary parenchyma, as well as in pulmonary function tests. However, so far there have  been no clinical implications of these findings...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant factor regarding poor outcome in patients with myocardial infarction. Recently a new prognostic factor is under consideration — a baseline glucose level on admission. We sought to assess the influence of blood glucose levels on admission on prognosis of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)...