Tag: pathology

Leczenie celowane stało się w ostatniej dekadzie ważnym sposobem terapii chorych na raka. Potwierdzono skuteczność leków skierowanych przeciw receptorowi czynnika wzrostu naskórka (EGFR) i HER2, takich jak erlotynib, cetuksymab czy trastuzumab, a ich stosowanie obejmuje leczenie nowotworów płuca, przewodu pokarmowego i piersi...

The incidence of primary malignant tumor of the heart is extremely low: about 0.02% in a series of autopsies [1, 2]. The incidence among the general population varies between 0.001% and 0.03% [3]...

The bicuspid aortic valve is a common congenital heart disease characterised by inequality of cusp size, a central raphe, and smooth cusp margins even in diseased valves. It may progress and become calcified, leading to varying degrees of aortic valve disorders, such as stenosis, regurgitation, or combined, which may eventually necessitate surgical intervention...

Histopathological features of the cardiac conducting system (CCS) in the Turkish population have not been investigated previously.

The autophagic process was first described by Clark in 1957 using electron microscopy, but the term “autophagy” was introduced for the first time in 1963 by Christian de Duve, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on lysosomes. Autophagy (auto — self, phagy — eating) is defined as an evolutionarily conserved and strictly regulated lysosomal pathway that degrades cytoplasmic material and organelles and even microbial invaders [22, 36, 37, 39]. The other major degrading system, which is present only in mammals, is the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) [44]. The UPS degrades soluble short-lived proteins, which must be tagged by ubiquitin to be recognised by the proteasome...