Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2013; tom 51, nr 1

Caveolin-1 is the major protein component of caveolae that are cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane [1]. Because caveolae are believed to be involved in two-way communication and exchange of molecules between the cell and extracellular environment, caveolin-1 has been implicated in multiple cellular functions including endocytosis, signal transduction and cholesterol transport [2].

Phthalates belong to chemicals widely used in industry. They include endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) acting as hormone-like agents that may interferewith the synthesis, secretion, transport and elimination of natural hormones in the body [1]. Di(nbutyl) phthalate (DBP) is a weak estrogenic compound extensively applied in the cosmetics industry and medical products [2].

Massage is commonly used in sports to prepare the competitor for efforts associated with strenuous participation. It is also applied for prevention and therapy of various injuries occurring in competitors. Its basic task is to improve muscle blood supply and to stimulate regeneration and repair processes in tendons, ligaments and joint capsules [1].