Folia Morpholohica 2009, tom 68, nr 2

oint formation is a developmental process regulated by various factors including  bone morphogenetic proteins, transforming and growth factors, etc. Recently,  a high expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms in the foetal cartilaginous  elements was also revealed. On the other hand, various joint and  skeletal abnormalities were seen in laboratory animal and human offspring,  exposed in utero to several COX inhibitors...

The anterior maxilla wall and alveolar process are covered by the arterial network.  Procedures in this region can cause heavy bleeding. Knowledge of the  anatomical course of a particular artery is essential for performing surgery in  this area. The aim of this study was to search for and then analyse anastomoses  between the infraorbital and posterior superior alveolar artery...

The lateral geniculate body (LGN) was morphometrically examined and compared  in representatives of four mammalian  orders (Insectivora, Rodentia, Lagomorpha,  and Carnivora). In each studied species, the lateral geniculate body  was divided into two distinct parts: the dorsal nucleus (LGNd) and the ventral  nucleus (LGNv)...

The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) is involved in the control of  energy homeostasis. This is the first study on  the ultrastructural response of ARH  neurons in aged rats after short-term fasting and subsequent refeeding. Male  Wistar  rats (24 weeks old) were fasted for 48 or 96 hours and were then refed for  24 hours. The controls were normally fed...

The nerves to the cervical and thoracic vertebrae were traced in 10 serially  sectioned human embryos. It was found that the vertebral bodies receive nerve  fibres from the trunks of the spinal nerves, anterior branches and meningeal  branches of the  spinal nerves, and from the sympathetic trunks...

The human nose differs in its anatomy and morphology between different  racial and ethnic groups. The objective of this survey was to provide data for  clinical plastics of the nose, medical aesthetics and cosmetology, anthropology,  nationality study, and medical jurisprudence in Sistani (Fars) and Baluch  aborigines in the southeast of Iran...

Diabetes mellitus is associated with cerebral alterations in both human and  animal models of the disease. These alterations include abnormal expression of  hypothalamic neuropeptides and hippocampal astrogliosis. Urtica dioica (Nettle)  is among several species listed for their use against diabetes in folk medicine...

The gluteal region was dissected in 18 adult cadavers. The attachments, directions,  and orientations of the fibres of the tensor fasciae latae, gluteus medius,  and gluteus minimus muscles were noted. The gluteus medius was found to be  formed of three distinct parts, while the gluteus minimus was formed of two  parts only...

Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a complex group of abnormal ventriculoarterial  connections where both the aorta and  pulmonary artery rise from the  right ventricle morphologically. It is a rare condition affecting 1–1.5% of patients  with congenital heart disease.  The patient’s cardiac measurements were taken by two-dimensional echocardiography...

We report on a very rare case of co-existence of os acromiale with suprascapular  osseous bridge in a dry scapula...